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Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Air Pollution in CHD patients
Among the many damaging effects of traffic-derived air pollution, researchers have noted that exposure to air pollution may worsen symptoms of angina (chest pain) or even trigger acute myocardial infarction (MI) in people with existing cardiac diseases. Researchers from the University of Edinburgh in the United Kingdom and Umeå University in Sweden conducted a controlled-exposure study of dilute diesel exhaust to determine the direct effects of air pollution on myocardial ischemia in patients with stable coronary heart disease.
In a double-blind, randomized cross-over study, 20 patients with prior MI were exposed to dilute diesel exhaust (particle concentration 300 μg/m3, similar to levels encountered in urban road traffic) or filtered air during periods of rest and moderate exercise in a controlled-exposure facility. During the exposure, myocardial ischemia was quantified by ST segment analysis using continuous 12-lead electrocardiography.
Overall, exposure to diesel exhaust caused a three-fold increase in maximal ST segment depression (-49 vs. -17 μV) among participants. While exercise-induced ST segment depression was present in all patients, there was a marked increase in ischemic burden during exposure to diesel exhaust (-22 vs. -8 μV). During periods of exercise, participants experienced a similar increase in heart rate regardless of exposure to either diesel exhaust or filtered air.
“While substantial evidence links exposure to air pollution with cardiovascular disease, these observations are limited by the effect of potential confounding environmental and social factors,” said David Newby, University of Edinburgh and lead investigator on this study. “In a carefully controlled study, we report that brief exposure to diesel exhaust at levels encountered in urban road traffic promotes myocardial ischemia in patients with existing heart conditions. Our findings strengthen the observation that exposure to combustion-derived air pollution is associated with adverse cardiovascular events, including acute myocardial infarction. Environmental health policy interventions targeting reductions in urban air pollution should be considered in order to decrease the risk of adverse cardiovascular events.”
courtesy-American college of cardiology.ACC 07. Post your problems at 'CONTACT US'. Free Medical consultancy and free distribution of medicines were carried out in following places uptil now. Pangot. Budhlakote. Bhumiayadhar. Reetha.(Ramgarh). 1-It is a very popular belief that if you eat less or skip a meal you are going to loose weight. 2-It should be understood that any medical treatment directed towards decreasing wt won't help,until and unless strict diet and physical exercise regime is not added to it. 3-For proper fitness and maintainence of health one has to work hard,and with honest regularity. Regular physical exercise,is the key for a healthy life.There are no other options.To be healthy this regime has to be included in your daily routine.There are no shortcuts,no alternative path.The prime cause of all the ailments which are increasing the morbidity as well mortality is lack of physical exercise.There may be number of therapeutical options available nowadays,but they work efficiently only when it is clubbed with exercise. The human body has evolved to accomodate vigrous physical activity,and inactivity can be regarded as the abnormal,rather than the normal.It should not,therefore,be surprising that inactivity is associated with illhealth.(British Nutrition Foundation 1999). Weight gain occurs when the number of calories taken are greater than the number of calories burnt.Physical activity is of great help in losing weight but its main importance is in maintaining and sustaining weight loss,and maintaining weight once the initial 5 or 10% loss has occured.The best way to assess the medical and physiological benefits incurred by physical activity is not to become obsessed by the exact number of kilograms lost.The reason behind it is that regular exercise induces an increase in muscle bulk at the expense of fat,and therefore the fat-free mass increases.Muscle weighs one-and-a-half times as much as fat, and so actual body wt might be maintained or even increased when persons start performing unaccustomed exercise.However,muscle is a much healthier substance to fill our bodies with than fat,having fewer of the dangers and the advantage of increasing metabolic rate(compared with the usual reduction of BMR that occurs with weight loss.). The aim should not be only the weight reduction,but the total focus should be on how to be active,and how to increase our exercising capacity.Each and every joint of our body should be allowed to perform it's appropriate movement.
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Exercise Benefits and Effects of exercise
Exercise increases insulin sensitivity. Therefore it helps to improve the action of a given amount of insulin, so that less insulin may be needed to maintain the blood sugar level. Insulin levels that may have been appropriate for you at rest become too much for you during exercise. In the general population, activity causes the muscles to draw more glucose from the blood and insulin requirements have been known to decrease by 50%.
In people who do not have diabetes, the pancreas can quickly respond by tapering off insulin secretion. The liver produces more glucose for the body to use and the level of glucose in the blood remains steady. In other words, the body makes up for that sensitivity by secreting less insulin during and after exercise in someone who does not have diabetes.
In a child, teen or adult with Type 1 diabetes, who uses injected insulin, the insulin action is unable to "shut off". The muscles continue to use up the available glucose in the blood. The insulin causes the muscles to draw more glucose, and prevents the liver from replenishing the supply of glucose in the blood. This may, therefore, put the person at risk for a low blood sugar. Also, consideration needs to given to the site used for injection, as it can affect insulin absorption (i.e. injecting into the leg and then running is not recommended). The best injection site to use when exercising is the abdomen.
Exercise induced hypoglycemia can happen much later after exercise and even up to 24 hours after exercise because of depleted glycogen stores and long lasting effects of exercise on insulin sensitivity.
On the other hand, exercise does not always lower blood sugar levels. If blood glucose levels are very high, over 250 mg/dl, it is unlikely that exercise will bring the glucose levels down. The liver continues to put out nearly as much glucose as it normally would, but because of insulin deficiency, the muscle tissue isn't able to use it quickly. The net effect is a buildup of glucose in the bloodstream. In a person with a high blood sugar and not enough insulin, the glucose just keeps rising. Do not exercise if you are sick and have ketones in your urine. Exercise only when under control.
Also, depending on the activity and the intensity, blood glucose levels may not be reduced. Competitive activities such as soccer or hockey may increase the glucose levels, because heavy demand during the game increases stress hormones that work against the insulin. Also, at times, the glucose level doesn't fall during activity, especially if the activity occurs immediately after a meal. Then, the glucose level may then drop for up to 6 to 12 hours after the activity is over, which is known as the lag effect. This means people, particularly children, are at risk for hypoglycemia later on in the night.
Exercise benefits individuals with Type 1 as much as it does those without diabetes. Exercise clearly decreases blood glucose levels and thereby reduces insulin requirements, however, it does not necessarily improve long term blood glucose control in people with Type 1 diabetes. In fact, people with Type 1 diabetes who exercise, must learn to balance the impact of exericse within a framework of several strategies for diabetes control.
Information from the web site www.sugarbytes.com
Physical exercise
Physical exercise is the performance of some activity in order to develop or maintain physical fitness and overall health. It is often directed toward also honing athletic ability or skill. Frequent and regular physical exercise is an important component in the prevention of some of the diseases of affluence such as heart disease, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Contents
1 Types of exercise
2 Exercise benefits
3 Common myths
3.1 Targeted fat reduction
3.2 Muscle and fat tissue
4 Excessive exercise
5 Nutrition and recovery
6 Exercise and brain function
7 Activities providing physical exercise
8 Categories of physical exercise
9 Breathing
10 See also
11 References
Types of exercise
Exercises are generally grouped into three types depending on the overall effect they have on the human body:
Flexibility exercises such as stretching improves the range of motion of muscles and joints.
Aerobic exercises such as cycling, walking and running focus on increasing cardiovascular endurance.
Anaerobic exercises such as weight training, functional training or sprinting increases short-term muscle strength.
Exercise benefits
Physical exercise is important for maintaining physical fitness and can contribute positively to maintaining a healthy weight; building and maintaining healthy bone density, muscle strength, and joint mobility; promoting physiological well-being; reducing surgical risks; and strengthening the immune system.
Frequent and regular aerobic exercise has been shown to help prevent or treat serious and life-threatening chronic conditions such as high blood pressure, obesity, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes, insomnia, and depression. Strength training appears to have continuous energy-burning effects that persist for about 24 hours after the training, though they do not offer the same cardio vascular benefits of aerobic exercises. Exercise can also increase energy and raise one's threshold for pain.
There is conflicting evidence as to whether vigorous exercise (more than 70% of VO2 Max) is more or less beneficial than moderate exercise (40 to 70% of VO2 Max). Some studies have shown that vigorous exercise executed by healthy individuals can effectively increase opioid peptides (aka endorphins, a naturally occurring opiate that in conjunction with other neurotransmitters is responsible for exercise induced euphoria and has been shown to be addictive), positively influence hormone production (i.e., increase testosterone and growth hormone) benefits that are not as fully realised with moderate exercise.
Exercise has been shown to improve cognitive functioning via improvement of hippocampus-dependent spatial learning, and enhancement of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis.In addition, physical activity has been shown to be neuroprotective in many neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases.Physical acitivity is thought to have other beneficial effects related to cognition as it increases levels of nerve growth factors, which support the survival and growth of a number of neuronal cells.
Both aerobic and anaerobic exercise also work to increase the mechanical efficiency of the heart by increasing cardiac volume (aerobic exercise), or myocardial thickness (strength training, see Organ hypertrophy).
Common myths
Many myths have arisen surrounding exercise, some of which have a basis in reality, and some which are completely false. Myths include:
That excessive exercise can cause immediate death. Death by exercise has some small basis in fact. Water intoxication can result from prolific sweating (producing electrolyte losses) combined with consumption of large amounts of plain water and insufficient replenishment of electrolytes,especially salt and potassium (e.g. when running a marathon). It is also possible to die from a heart attack or similar affliction if overly intense exercise is performed by someone who is not in a reasonable state of fitness for that particular activity. A doctor should always be consulted before any radical changes are made to a person's current exercise regimen. Rhabdomyolysis is also a risk. Other common dangers may occur from extreme overheating or aggravation of a physical defect, such as a thrombosis or aneurism.
That weightlifting makes you short or stops growth. One caveat is that heavy weight training in adolescents can damage the epiphyseal plate of long bones.
Targeted fat reduction
It is a common belief that exercise and training a particular body part will preferentially shed the fat on that part; for example, that doing sit-ups is the most direct way to reduce subcutaneous belly fat. This is false: one cannot reduce fat from one area of the body to the exclusion of others. Most of the energy derived from fat gets to the muscle through the bloodstream and reduces stored fat in the entire body, from the last place where fat was deposited. Sit-ups may improve the size and shape of abdominal muscles but will not specifically target belly fat for loss. Such exercise might help reduce overall body fat and shrink the size of fat cells.
Muscle and fat tissue
Some people incorrectly believe that muscle tissue will turn into fat once a person stops exercising. In reality, fat tissue and muscle tissue are fundamentally different. However, the more common expression of this myth "muscle will turn to fat" has a grain of truth. Although a muscle cell will not become a fat cell, the material that makes up muscle can in fact turn to fat. The catabolism of muscle fibers releases protein, which can be converted to glucose that can be burned as fuel, and excesses of which can be stored as fat. Moreover, the composition of a body part can change toward less muscle and more fat, so that a cross-section of the upper-arm for example, will have a greater area corresponding to fat and a smaller area corresponding to muscle. This is not muscle "turning to fat" however, it is simply a combination of muscle atrophy and increased fat storage in different tissues of the same body part. Another element of increased fatty deposits is that of diet, as most trainees will not significantly reduce their diet in order to compensate for the lack of exercise/activity. Excessive exercise
Exercise is a stressor and the stresses of exercise has a catabolic effect on the body - contractile proteins within muscles are consumed for energy, carbohydrates and fats are similarly consumed and connective tissues are stressed and can form micro-tears. However, given adequate nutrition and sufficient rest to avoid overtraining, the body's reaction to this stimulus is to adapt and replete tissues at a higher level than what existed before exercising. The results are all the training effects of regularly exercise - increased muscular strength, endurance, bone density and connective tissue toughness.
Too much exercise can be harmful. The body part exercised needs at least a day of rest, which is why some health experts say one should exercise every other day or 3 times a week. Without proper rest, the chance of stroke or other circulation problems increases, and muscle tissue may develop slowly.
Inappropriate exercise can do more harm than good, with the definition of "inappropriate" varying according to the individual. For many activities, especially running, there are significant injuries that occur with poorly regimented exercise schedules. In extreme instances, over-exercising induces serious performance loss. Unaccustomed overexertion of muscles leads to rhabdomyolysis (damage to muscle) most often seen in new army recruits. Another danger is overtraining in which the intensity or volume of training exceeds the body's capacity to recover between bouts.
Stopping excessive exercise suddenly can also create a change in mood. Feelings of depression and agitation can occur when withdrawal from the natural endorphins produced by exercise occurs. Exercise should be controlled by each body's inherent limitations. While one set of joints and muscles may have the tolerance to withstand multiple marathons, another body may be damaged by 20 minutes of light jogging. This must be determined by each individual.
Nutrition and recovery
Proper nutrition is at least as important to health as exercise. When exercising it becomes even more important to have good diet to ensure the body has the correct ratio of macronutrients whilst providing ample micronutrients, this is to aid the body with the recovery process following strenuous exercise.
Proper rest and recovery are also as important to health as exercise, otherwise the body exists in a permanently injured state and will not improve or adapt adequately to the exercise. Hence, it is important to remember not to do the same type of exercise two days in a row.
The above two factors can be compromised by psychological compulsions (eating disorders such as exercise bulimia, anorexia, and other bulimias), misinformation, a lack of organization, or a lack of motivation. These all lead to a decreased state of health.
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness can occur after any kind of exercise, particularly if the body is in an unconditioned state relative to that exercise.
Exercise and brain function
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:
Physical exercise
In the long term, exercise is beneficial to the brain by:
increasing the blood and oxygen flow to the brain
increasing growth factors that help create new nerve cells
increasing chemicals in the brain that help cognition.
Activities providing physical exercise
Aerobics
Calisthenics
Cycling
Dancing
Functional training
Housework
Horseback riding
Juggling
Skipping
Martial arts
Metal-rod exercises
Parkour
Pilates
Rock climbing
Running
Sports
Strength training
Stretching
Swimming
Walking
Yoga
Step
Categories of physical exercise
Aerobic exercise
Anaerobic exercise
Circuit training
Strength training
Agility training
Sometimes the terms 'dynamic' and 'static' are used. 'Dynamic' exercises such as steady running, tend to produce a lowering of the diastolic blood pressure during exercise, due to the improved blood flow. Conversely, static exercise (such as weight-lifting) can cause the systolic pressure to rise significantly.
Breathing
Active exhalation during physical exercise helps the body to increase its maximum lung capacity, and oxygen uptake. This results in greater cardiac efficiency, since the heart has to do less work to oxygenate the muscles, and there is also increased muscular efficiency through greater blood flow. Consciously breathing deeply during aerobic exercise helps this development of the heart lung efficiency.
References
^ Stampfer, M., Hu, F., Manson, J., Rimm, E., Willett, W. (2000) Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women through diet and lifestyle. The New England Journal of Medicine, 343(1), 16-23. Retrieved October 5, 2006, from ProQuest database.
^ Hu., F., Manson, J., Stampfer, M., Graham, C., et al. (2001). Diet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. The New England Journal of Medicine, 345(11), 790-797. Retrieved October 5, 2006, from ProQuest database.
^ O'Connor, D., Crowe, M., Spinks, W. 2006. Effects of static stretching on leg power during cycling. Turin, 46(1), 52-56. Retrieved October 5, 2006, from ProQuest database.
^ Wilmore, J., Knuttgen, H. 2003. Aerobic Exercise and Endurance Improving Fitness for Health Benefits. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 31(5). 45. Retrieved October 5, 2006, from ProQuest database.
^ de Vos, N., Singh, N., Ross, D., Stavrinos, T., et al. 2005. Optimal Load for Increasing Muscle Power During Explosive Resistance Training in Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology, 60A(5), 638-647. Retrieved October 5, 2006, from ProQuest database.
^ Hanc, J. 1987. Your Health Behind the Runner\'s Euphoria. \'\'Newsday, April 21, 1987,\'\' 11. Retrieved October 5, 2006, from ProQuest database.
^ van Praag H, Kempermann G, Gage FH. (1999). "Ontogeny Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus." (Abstract). Nature Neuroscience. 2 (3): 266-70. Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
^ Clément Grondard et al. (2005). "Regular Exercise Prolongs Survival in a Type 2 Spinal Muscular Atrophy Model Mouse." (Abstract). The Journal of Neuroscience. 25 (33): 7615-7622. Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
^ Edward McAuley,* Arthur F. Kramer, and Stanley J. Colcombe (2004). "Cardiovascular fitness and neurocognitive function in older Adults:a brief review." (Full Article). BRAIN, BEHAVIOR,and IMMUNITY. 18 (2004): 214-220. Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
^ Weight training and children
^ Austin, B. 2006. Don't Let Your Body Go Into Starvation Mode. Wisconsin State Journal, April 1, 2006, 46. Retrieved October 5, 2006, from ProQuest database.
^ Alexander, C. 1998. Cutting weight, losing life. News & Observer, February 8, 1998, A.1. Retrieved October 5, 2006, from ProQuest database.
^ Jimenez, C., Pacheco, E., Moreno, A., Carpenter, A. 1996. A Soldier's Neck and Shoulder Pain. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 24(6), 81-82. Retrieved October 5, 2006, from ProQuest database.
^ The Physicial and Sportsmedicine on Overtraining
^ Kimber, N., Heigenhauser, G., Spriet, L., and Dyck, D. 2003. Skeletal muscle fat and carbohydrate metabolism during recovery from glycogen-depleting exercise in humans. The Journal of Phsyiology, 548(Pt. 3), 919-927.
^ Mirkin, G. 2005. Exercise requires time for recovery. Washington Times, May 29, 2005, C.11. Retrieved October 5, 2006, from ProQuest database.
^ Parker-Pope, T. (2001). For a Healthy Brain You Really Need to Use Your Head -- Physical and Mental Exercise Can Stave Off Mental Decline. The Wall Street Journal Europe, November 26, 2001, 8. Retrieved October 5, 2006, from ProQuest database.
^ Brant, J. 1996. Power Yoga -- A New Form of Ancient Practice Builds Strength and Endurance. Seattle Times, January 31, 1996, E.1. Retrieved October 5, 2006, from ProQuest database.
Donatelle, Rebecca J. (2005). Health, The Basics, 6th ed., San Francisco: Pearson Education. ISBN 0-8053-2852-1.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_exercise"
Category: Exercise
Aerobic exercise
Aerobic exercise refers to exercise which is of moderate intensity, undertaken for a long duration. Aerobic means "with oxygen", and refers to the use of oxygen in a muscle's energy-generating process. Many types of exercise are aerobic, and by definition are performed at moderate levels of intensity for extended periods of time.
Aerobic versus anaerobic exercise
Aerobic exercise and fitness can be contrasted with anaerobic exercise, of which strength training and weight training are the most salient examples. The two types of exercise differ by the duration and intensity of muscular contractions involved, as well as by how energy is generated within the muscle.
Initially during aerobic exercise, glycogen is broken down to produce glucose, but in its absence, fat metabolism is initiated instead. The latter is a slow process, and is accompanied by a decline in performance level. The switch to fat as fuel is a major cause of what marathon runners call hitting "the wall".
Anaerobic exercise, in contrast, refers to the initial phase of exercise, or any short burst of intense exertion, in which the glycogen or sugar is consumed without oxygen, and is a far less efficient process. Operating anaerobically, an untrained 400 meter sprinter may "hit the wall" after only 300 meters.
There are various types of aerobic exercise. In general, aerobic exercise is one performed at a low to moderate level of intensity over a long period of time. For example, running a long distance at a moderate pace is an aerobic exercise, but sprinting is not. Playing singles tennis, with near-continuous motion, is generally considered aerobic activity, while golf or doubles tennis, with their more frequent breaks, may not be.
Among the recognized benefits of doing regular aerobic exercise are:
Strengthening the muscles involved in respiration, to facilitate the flow of air in and out of the lungs
Strengthening and enlarging the heart muscle, to improve its pumping efficiency and reduce the resting heart rate
Toning muscles throughout the body, which can improve overall circulation and reduce blood pressure
Increasing the total number of red blood cells in the body, to facilitate transport of oxygen throughout the body
Increased storage of energy molecules such as fats and carbohydrates within the muscles, allowing for increased endurance
Development of new vessels of the muscle fibres to increase blood flow through the muscles
As a result, aerobic exercise can reduce the risk of death due to cardiovascular problems. In addition, high-impact aerobic activities (such as jogging or jumping rope) can stimulate bone growth, as well as reducing the risk of osteoporosis for both men and women.
Aerobic exercise versus aerobics
"Aerobics" are a particular form of aerobic exercise. Aerobics classes generally involve rapid stepping patterns, performed with music.
Aerobic capacity
'Aerobic capacity' (VO2 max)' describes the functional status of the cardiorespiratory system, (the heart, lungs and blood vessels). Aerobic capacity is defined as the maximum volume of oxygen that can be consumed by one's muscles during exercise. It is a function both of one's cardiorespiratory performance and of the ability of the muscles to extract the oxygen and fuel delivered to them. To measure maximal aerobic capacity, an exercise physiologist or physician typically directs a subject to exercise on a treadmill, first by walking at an easy pace and then, at set time intervals during graded exercise tests, gradually increasing the workload. The higher a cardiorespiratory endurance level, the more oxygen transported to exercising muscles and the longer exercise can be maintained without exhaustion. The higher aerobic capacity, the higher the level of aerobic fitness.
Drawbacks
When generalized fitness is a professional operational requirement, as for athletes, combat services, police and fire personnel, aerobic exercise alone may not provide a well-balanced exercise program. In particular, muscular strength, especially upper-body muscular strength, is usually neglected. Also, the metabolic pathways involved in anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation) that generate energy during high intensity, low duration tasks such as sprinting, are not exercised at peak rates. Aerobic exercise is, however, an extremely valuable component of a balanced exercise programme and is good for cardiovascular health.
Some persons suffer repetitive stress injuries with some forms of aerobics and then must choose less injurious "low-impact" forms or lengthen the gap between bouts of aerobic exercise to allow for greater recovery.
Aerobics notably does not increase the resting metabolic rate as much as some forms of weight-training, and may therefore be less effective at reducing obesity. However, this form of exercise also allows for longer, more frequent activity and consumes more energy when the individual is active. In addition, the metabolic activity of an individual is heightened for several hours following a bout of aerobic activity.
Aerobic activity is also used by individuals with anorexia as a means of suppressing appetite, since aerobic exercise increases glucose and fatty acids in the blood by stimulating tissues to release their energy stores. While there is some support for exercising while hungry as a means of tapping into fat stores, most evidence is equivocal. In addition, performance can be impaired by lack of nutrients, which can impair training effects.
References
Cooper, Kenneth C. The New Aerobics. Eldora, Iowa: Prairie Wind.
Donatelle, Rebecca J. Health: The Basics. 6th ed. San Francisco: Pearson Education, Inc. 2005.
Hinkle, J. Scott. School Children and Fitness: Aerobics for Life. Ann Arbor, MI: ERIC Clearinghouse on Counseling and Personnel Services.
7.Psychotherapy. Please contact us through,'CONTACT US' page,we will be be in touch with you. |
A.D.H.D.
What is ADHD?
ADHD stands for attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It is a common problem among children during their Kindergarten, Primary and Secondary school years.
ADHD causes problems like weak concentration, hyperactivity, loss of focus, and restlessness among children. If your child shows any of above symptoms, he or she might be suffering from ADHD. 37 million children in India alone have been diagnosed with ADHD. Uncared for, the problem might get severe and causes complications in the long run.
SYMPTOMS OF ADHD
• Symptoms of ADHD usually differ between boys and girls, but there are a lot of
common symptoms like:
• General untidiness,messy rooms, untidy lockers and unclean bags.
• Consistently getting late with assignment submission.
• Easily distracted and have a brief attention span.
• Regularly late for school.
• Various alibis for not being able to complete work on time.
• Failing to understand simple orders.
• Accidents prone behavior.
• Poor performance at school and/or loss of interest at play.
• Problematic social behavior with other children.
WHAT CAUSES ADHD?
Over the years, scientists have tried to explain through various reasons,why ADHD is caused. Some of them are:
Environment factors: studies have shown a possible correlation between smoking and drinking during pregnancy and risk of ADHD in the offspring of that pregnancy.
Food additives and sugar: it has been suggested that attention disorders are caused by refined sugar or synthetic additives, or that the symptoms of ADHD are aggravated by the same.
Heredity: Studies indicate that 25 percent of close relatives in the families of children suffering from ADHD also have the disorder. Many studies of twins now show that a strong genetic influence exists in the disorder.
Hormonal imbalances : hormonal imbalances within your child’s body are also a cause of ADHD. These can be treated by medication.
HOW CAN I HELP MY CHILD?
Both, parents and children need help to develop techniques for managing the child’s pattern of behavior.
Use the ‘token’ or ‘points’ system to reward your child for good work or behavior.
Ask your child to sit alone quietly for sometime when he/she becomes too unruly or goes out of control.
Spend some quality time together each day, like playing a board game , building a model etc.
Find out what your child is interested in, and praise him/her for good performance.
Don’t allow more than 2 playmates at a time, in order to prevent your child from getting over- excited.
Stay calm. Do not act angry or get violent with your child. Communicate and get your message across peacefully.
HOW CAN I TREAT MY CHILD?
Treating an ADHD child requires patience. Approach a mental health professional, to get help with counseling the child and the family. Counseling helps children with ADHD feel better about themselves. If the child is young, most of the therapists’ work is the parents, teaching those techniques for coping with and improving their child’s behavior.
Schedule: Have the same routine everyday from wake-up to bed-time. The schedule must include homework and playtime. Put up the schedule on a refrigerator or on a bulletin board.
Organize: Have a place for everything and ensure that everything is in place after use. This includes clothing, backpacks, toys and school supplies.
Update yourself: Keep yourself update about happenings in your child’s school and playgroup and anything else in his or her life. Encourage him or her to take part in creative activities at school and at play.
SO WHAT IF YOUR CHILD HAS ADHD ,HE CAN STILL BE ONE AMONG THEM!
ADHD is not a limiting force. It’s 100 percent curable. In fact, some of the greatest people to grace the earth have been affected with ADHD. But,they managed to come out triumphant. Hence, if your child receives the right treatment there is no reason why even he can’t.
ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL………….INVENTOR
BEETHOVEN………………..ONE OF THE GREAT MUSIC COMPOSERS OF ALL TIME
JIM CARREY………………………ACTOR COMEDIAN
WINSTON CHURCHILL…………………….STATEMAN (HE FAILED THE 6TH GRADE)
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
It is commonly called as IBS,the most commonly occuring disease nowadays.It is mor common in females.Stress,lifestyle,menopause,poor dietry habits are some of the causes.It is characterised by disturbance in bowel regulations.The patient complains of pain in abdomen with either complains of constipation or loose motions.The regular disturbances cause disruption in patient's regular activities and adds to his worries,which further aggravates the disease and thus a vicious cycle is formed.Thus the basis of the disease lies in the malfunctioning of the Brain-gut axis.Many times it is seen that a patient suffering from this disease,suddenly develops very favourable mental conditions,his severity decrases or there is total remission.So a peaceful mind produces a peaceful GUT. IBS-check for the following symptoms. In last 1 year,symptoms experienced which need not be continous,for atleast 12 weeks are: Abdominal discomfort or pain. -Relief with defecation(passing of stools) -Onset associated with a change in frequency of stool;and/or -Onset associated with a change in form(appearance) of stools. Additional symptoms supporting -Diagnosis of IBS. -Abnormal stool frequency. -Abnormal stool form. -Passage of mucous. -Bloating or feeling of abdominal distension. Delayed onset muscle soreness
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) is the pain or discomfort often felt 24 to 72 hours after exercising and subsides generally within 2 to 3 days. Once thought to be caused by lactic acid buildup, a more recent theory is that it is caused by tiny tears in the muscle fibres caused by eccentric contraction, or unaccustomed training levels. Since lactic acid disperses fairly rapidly, it could not explain pain experienced days after exercise.Although the precise cause is still unknown, the type of muscle contraction seems to be a key factor in the development of DOMS. Exercises that involve many eccentric contractions, such as downhill running, will result in the most severe DOMS. This has been shown to be the result of more muscle cell damage than is seen with typical concentric contractions, in which a muscle successfully shortens during contraction against a load.Some research claims that DOMS is not caused by the pain from damaged muscle cells, but from the reinforcement process. The muscle responds to training by reinforcing itself up to and above its previous strength by adding new sarcomeres—the segments in the muscle fibrils. This reinforcement process causes the cells to swell and put pressure on nerves and arteries, causing DOMS.
Training with DOMS
DOMS typically causes stiffness, swelling, strength loss and pain Continued exertion of sore muscles can cause further swelling and pain, and lengthen the period of muscular soreness. There is some scientific evidence that further training—a so-called second bout—has no negative effect on the reinforcement process. Training in a state of constant soreness would be uncomfortable, although one may be able to adapt to it. The relationship between muscular soreness, the rest required and hypertrophy is a contentious topic in bodybuilding. Claims that perpetual muscular soreness assures muscle growth are opposed by reports of stagnation through overtraining.
Stretching before and after exercising have been suggested as ways of reducing DOMS, as has warming up before exercise, cooling down after, and gently warming the area,though there is also evidence that the effect of stretching on muscle soreness is negligible. Sport agility
Agility definitions have traditionally centered around closed skill, change of direction speed movement. A classic definition is the ability to change the body's direction efficiently, and this requires a combination of balance, coordination, speed, reflexes, and strength.
Agility however must be in response to an opposing player, moving target, as seen in field sports and racket sports. Sheppard and Young (2006) define agility as "a rapid whole body movement with change of velocity or direction in response to a stimulus."
Aside from improving sports performance, why would an individual need to maintain or improve agility? Dodging requires agility, such as jumping out of the way of an oncoming car or avoiding an unexpected hole. If you ever need to run down a crowded street to catch a bus or escape an assailant, agility will help you avoid knocking yourself out on a utility pole or tripping over a dog leash.
Exercises
Many of exercises to improve agility involve an agility ladder. It is a ladder drawn on the floor, with the individual required to hop or high-step through the rungs with a variety of forward, backward and lateral motions. A person could also practice the tests of agility. Tests
Briefly, some agility tests are timed performance of the following activities:
• hopping in and out of a hexagon across each side in a circular circuit.
• running a zigzag course, similar to slalom skiing.
• running back and forth laterally, like a rundown in baseball.
• running forward along the agility ladder.
• running a T pattern, with forward, lateral and backward segments.
• balancing on a single leg, like the yoga Stork pose.
| FIRST SUCCESSFUL LIVING- RELATED LIVER TRANSPLANT
In 1989 Dr. Christopher Broelsch of the University of Chicago Medical Center (now University of Chicago Hospitals) transplant a portion of Teri Smith’s liver into her 21-month old daughter, Alyssa, who suffered from biliary atresia. Both mother and daughter are still healthy today.
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